Available 61 files for DFI CA101-D
Select Files
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Datasheet
Operating System
Document PDF
Language Manual
CA101-D
Size Driver
0.19MB
File Name
ca101-d-pir.pdf
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Manual PDF
Operating System
Document PDF
Language Manual
CA101-D
Size Driver
18.57MB
File Name
ca101-d-manual.pdf
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel Rapid Storage Technology for Raid/AHCI
Operating System
Windows 7 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
13.65MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_all.rar
Observations
Intel Matrix Storage Manager Utility_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel INF Utility
Operating System
Windows 7 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Utilities
CA101-D
Size Driver
2.38MB
File Name
ca101_inf_util_all.rar
Observations
Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
VGA Driver
Operating System
Windows 7 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
117MB
File Name
ca101_vga_all.rar
Observations
Intel Graphics Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
RAID Utility
Operating System
Windows 7 32 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Utilities
CA101-D
Size Driver
13.65MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_iata89cd.rar
Observations
Intel Matrix Storage Manager for RAID/AHCI for Windows XP,Vista,Windows 7 (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel LAN Drivers
Operating System
Windows 7 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
10.74MB
File Name
ca101_lan__all.rar
Observations
LAN Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Audio Driver
Operating System
Windows 7 32 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
45.37MB
File Name
ca101_audio_vista_7.rar
Observations
Audio Drivers for Vista,Windows 7 (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
MyGuard Hardware Monitor
Operating System
Windows 7 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
1.34MB
File Name
ca101_whdoctor_all.rar
Observations
Hardware Monitor for Windows
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
LAN Drivers
Operating System
Windows 7 32 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
3.54MB
File Name
ca101_lan_win7.rar
Observations
LAN Drivers for Windows 7 (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
RAID Driver
Operating System
Windows 7 32 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
0.17MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_f6floppy_f6flpy32.rar
Observations
F6 Floppy Configuration Utility for Windows XP,Vista,Windows 7 (32 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
LAN Drivers
Operating System
Windows 7 64 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
3.54MB
File Name
ca101_lan_win7.rar
Observations
LAN Drivers for Windows 7 (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
RAID Driver
Operating System
Windows 7 64 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
0.17MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_f6floppy_f6flpy32.rar
Observations
F6 Floppy Configuration Utility for Windows XP,Vista,Windows 7 (32 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel LAN Drivers
Operating System
Windows 7 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
10.74MB
File Name
ca101_lan__all.rar
Observations
LAN Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
VGA Driver
Operating System
Windows 7 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
117MB
File Name
ca101_vga_all.rar
Observations
Intel Graphics Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel INF Utility
Operating System
Windows 7 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Utilities
CA101-D
Size Driver
2.38MB
File Name
ca101_inf_util_all.rar
Observations
Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel Rapid Storage Technology for Raid/AHCI
Operating System
Windows 7 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
13.65MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_all.rar
Observations
Intel Matrix Storage Manager Utility_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
RAID Utility
Operating System
Windows 7 64 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Utilities
CA101-D
Size Driver
13.65MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_iata89cd.rar
Observations
Intel Matrix Storage Manager for RAID/AHCI for Windows XP,Vista,Windows 7 (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
MyGuard Hardware Monitor
Operating System
Windows 7 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
1.34MB
File Name
ca101_whdoctor_all.rar
Observations
Hardware Monitor for Windows
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Audio Driver
Operating System
Windows 7 64 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
45.37MB
File Name
ca101_audio_vista_7.rar
Observations
Audio Drivers for Vista,Windows 7 (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Audio Driver
Operating System
Windows Vista 32 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
45.37MB
File Name
ca101_audio_vista_7.rar
Observations
Audio Drivers for Vista,Windows 7 (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel Rapid Storage Technology for Raid/AHCI
Operating System
Windows Vista 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
13.65MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_all.rar
Observations
Intel Matrix Storage Manager Utility_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel LAN Drivers
Operating System
Windows Vista 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
10.74MB
File Name
ca101_lan__all.rar
Observations
LAN Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
VGA Driver
Operating System
Windows Vista 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
117MB
File Name
ca101_vga_all.rar
Observations
Intel Graphics Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
MyGuard Hardware Monitor
Operating System
Windows Vista 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
1.34MB
File Name
ca101_whdoctor_all.rar
Observations
Hardware Monitor for Windows
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
RAID Driver
Operating System
Windows Vista 32 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
0.17MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_f6floppy_f6flpy32.rar
Observations
F6 Floppy Configuration Utility for Windows XP,Vista,Windows 7 (32 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
LAN Drivers
Operating System
Windows Vista 32 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
2.93MB
File Name
ca101_lan_vista.rar
Observations
LAN Drivers for Vista(32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
RAID Utility
Operating System
Windows Vista 32 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Utilities
CA101-D
Size Driver
13.65MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_iata89cd.rar
Observations
Intel Matrix Storage Manager for RAID/AHCI for Windows XP,Vista,Windows 7 (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Hardware Utility
Operating System
Windows Vista 32 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Utilities
CA101-D
Size Driver
1.34MB
File Name
ca101_whdoctor.rar
Observations
Hardware Monitor for Windows XP (32/64 bits),Vista
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Audio Driver
Operating System
Windows Vista 64 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
45.37MB
File Name
ca101_audio_vista_7.rar
Observations
Audio Drivers for Vista,Windows 7 (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel Rapid Storage Technology for Raid/AHCI
Operating System
Windows Vista 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
13.65MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_all.rar
Observations
Intel Matrix Storage Manager Utility_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
RAID Driver
Operating System
Windows Vista 64 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
0.17MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_f6floppy_f6flpy32.rar
Observations
F6 Floppy Configuration Utility for Windows XP,Vista,Windows 7 (32 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
MyGuard Hardware Monitor
Operating System
Windows Vista 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
1.34MB
File Name
ca101_whdoctor_all.rar
Observations
Hardware Monitor for Windows
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
VGA Driver
Operating System
Windows Vista 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
117MB
File Name
ca101_vga_all.rar
Observations
Intel Graphics Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
LAN Drivers
Operating System
Windows Vista 64 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
2.93MB
File Name
ca101_lan_vista.rar
Observations
LAN Drivers for Vista(32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel LAN Drivers
Operating System
Windows Vista 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
10.74MB
File Name
ca101_lan__all.rar
Observations
LAN Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
RAID Utility
Operating System
Windows Vista 64 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Utilities
CA101-D
Size Driver
13.65MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_iata89cd.rar
Observations
Intel Matrix Storage Manager for RAID/AHCI for Windows XP,Vista,Windows 7 (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Microsoft .NET Framework
Operating System
Windows XP 32 bits
Version
Revision:A2.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
231.49MB
File Name
framework35.rar
Observations
Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 for Windows XP (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel LAN Drivers
Operating System
Windows XP 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
10.74MB
File Name
ca101_lan__all.rar
Observations
LAN Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Microsoft DirectX 9.0C
Operating System
Windows XP 32 bits
Version
Revision:A 0.6.6
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
32.14MB
File Name
directx9.rar
Observations
G4g100N Microsoft directX 9.0C
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
LAN Drivers
Operating System
Windows XP 32 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
3.45MB
File Name
ca101_lan_xp.rar
Observations
LAN Drivers for Windows XP (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Hardware Utility
Operating System
Windows XP 32 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Utilities
CA101-D
Size Driver
1.34MB
File Name
ca101_whdoctor.rar
Observations
Hardware Monitor for Windows XP (32/64 bits),Vista
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
RAID Utility
Operating System
Windows XP 32 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Utilities
CA101-D
Size Driver
13.65MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_iata89cd.rar
Observations
Intel Matrix Storage Manager for RAID/AHCI for Windows XP,Vista,Windows 7 (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel Rapid Storage Technology for Raid/AHCI
Operating System
Windows XP 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
13.65MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_all.rar
Observations
Intel Matrix Storage Manager Utility_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
RAID Driver
Operating System
Windows XP 32 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
0.17MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_f6floppy_f6flpy32.rar
Observations
F6 Floppy Configuration Utility for Windows XP,Vista,Windows 7 (32 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
VGA Driver
Operating System
Windows XP 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
117MB
File Name
ca101_vga_all.rar
Observations
Intel Graphics Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
MyGuard Hardware Monitor
Operating System
Windows XP 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
1.34MB
File Name
ca101_whdoctor_all.rar
Observations
Hardware Monitor for Windows
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Audio Driver
Operating System
Windows XP 32 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
126.22MB
File Name
ca101_audio_all.rar
Observations
Audio Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Hardware Utility
Operating System
Windows XP 64 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Utilities
CA101-D
Size Driver
1.34MB
File Name
ca101_whdoctor.rar
Observations
Hardware Monitor for Windows XP (32/64 bits),Vista
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel Rapid Storage Technology for Raid/AHCI
Operating System
Windows XP 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
13.65MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_all.rar
Observations
Intel Matrix Storage Manager Utility_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
VGA Driver
Operating System
Windows XP 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
117MB
File Name
ca101_vga_all.rar
Observations
Intel Graphics Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
MyGuard Hardware Monitor
Operating System
Windows XP 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
1.34MB
File Name
ca101_whdoctor_all.rar
Observations
Hardware Monitor for Windows
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Microsoft DirectX 9.0C
Operating System
Windows XP 64 bits
Version
Revision:A 0.6.6
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
32.14MB
File Name
directx9.rar
Observations
G4g100N Microsoft directX 9.0C
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Audio Driver
Operating System
Windows XP 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
126.22MB
File Name
ca101_audio_all.rar
Observations
Audio Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
RAID Utility
Operating System
Windows XP 64 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Utilities
CA101-D
Size Driver
13.65MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_iata89cd.rar
Observations
Intel Matrix Storage Manager for RAID/AHCI for Windows XP,Vista,Windows 7 (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Intel LAN Drivers
Operating System
Windows XP 64 bits
Version
Revision:A3.6.1
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
10.74MB
File Name
ca101_lan__all.rar
Observations
LAN Drivers_All
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Microsoft .NET Framework
Operating System
Windows XP 64 bits
Version
Revision:A2.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
231.49MB
File Name
framework35.rar
Observations
Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 for Windows XP (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
RAID Driver
Operating System
Windows XP 64 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
0.17MB
File Name
ca101_ahci_raid_f6floppy_f6flpy32.rar
Observations
F6 Floppy Configuration Utility for Windows XP,Vista,Windows 7 (32 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
LAN Drivers
Operating System
Windows XP 64 bits
Version
Revision:A1.6.0
Language Driver
CA101-D
Size Driver
3.45MB
File Name
ca101_lan_xp.rar
Observations
LAN Drivers for Windows XP (32/64 bits)
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
CPU/Memory Compatibility List
Operating System
Document PDF
Language Manual
CA101-D
Size Driver
0.15MB
File Name
mini-itx-ca101-d-compatibility-list.pdf
Company
DFI
Categories
Motherboards
Serie
DFI Industrial Motherboard-Mini-ITX
Model
DFI CA101-D
Description
Diagram PDF
Operating System
QR Document PDF
Language Manual
CA101-D
Size Driver
0.11MB
File Name
ca101-d-qr.pdf
Access to Official Website DFI
Welcome to the HelpDrivers, driver for printers.
Original files: In HelpDrivers, all drivers, manuals, BIOS, etc. are those originally provided by the official manufacturers. Click here to learn more
You can download by either clicking the 'Download' button. From the File Download window, verify that "Save" is selected and click OK.
Do not rename the file you're downloading, it may cause installation problems.